Essay on Anorexia Nervosa - 1763 Words

Davis 1 Anorexia nervosa is defined as a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, in addition to a disturbance in perception of body shape and weight( DSM-IV-TR, 2000). In this paper we will examine Carolyn Costin’s battle with anorexia nervosa from a biopsychosocial perspective and what reinforced her disorder. This will be followed by diagnostically using the DSM-IV-TR in Carolyn’s case and conceptually using the sociocultural dimension. The implications for both Carolyn, her social and cultural context, as well as society at large will be addressed. The paper will then conclude with the successful treatments of anorexia nervosa and why we should care about the disorder. The biological dimension of†¦show more content†¦The psychological dimension of Carolyn’s anorexia nervosa has to do with her being a perfectionist and model student in school. An example of this is seen when Carolyn insists her mother drives her to school, so she could study longer in the car (Sattler et al., 1998). Davis 2 Carolyn’s need for control moved from her academics to dieting, which she associated with her improved self-esteem, self-control, and thinner body figure (Sue et al., 2010). When Carolyn entered college her obsession with controlling her weight, her shape, and food worsened. Her labeling of â€Å"allowable† food, her obsession with exercising, and distortions of seeing herself as fat, shows how her irrational thoughts tie into the psychological dimension of her eating disorder (Sue et al., 2010). As Carolyn continued to starve herself, her mood swings, depression, distorted view and perception of her body as being â€Å"fine† only increased her obsession with food. Carolyn’s experiences of denying herself the right to eat because she felt if she lost control she would end up fat and unattractive, shows the control anorexia nervosa has over the mind (Sattler et al., 1998). The social dimension of Carolyn’s disorder began with her and her friends always being on diets in high school and the positive comments Carolyn would receive from her mother and friends about her weight loss (Sattler et al., 1998). Perhaps Carolyn was uncomfortable with her body developing, soShow MoreRelatedAnorexia Nervosa1947 Words   |  8 Pagespeople who do. If we were to look the world as a whole, we would realize that from every 100 teenage girls, 1 to 5 suffers from Anorexia(EDV). As defined by the National Eating Disorders Association, â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss.† (NEDA). The term â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa† literally means â€Å"neurotic loss of appetite†, and could be more generally defined as the result of a prolonged self-starvationRead MoreUnderstanding Anorexia Nervosa1008 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder, with more than 10% of those that suffer from it will die. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is categorized by severe food restriction, excessive exercise and body dysmorphia, which leads those that suffer from it to believe that they are overweight. Anorexia nervosa is commonly misunderstood by the general public. Research has disproved many of the previous thoughts about anorexia nervosa. According to the scientificRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesAnorexia Nervosa I have chosen to study about Anorexia Nervosa because I would like to know more about this topic and why people do it to themselves. I wonder why young people in particular feel that they need to be so thin. In this assignment I would like to study mainly on why teenage girls feel so conscious about their bodies, what they feel about the way that women are portrayed in the media and the effects of Anorexia Nervosa. To be able to cover thisRead More Anorexia Nervosa Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pages Anorexia nervosa is a life threatening eating disorder defined by a refusal to maintain fifteen percent of a normal body weight through self-starvation (NAMI 1). Ninety-five percent of anorexics are women between the ages of twelve and eighteen, however, â€Å"†¦in the past twenty years, this disorder has become a growing threat to high school and college students†(Maloney and Kranz 60). Anorexia produces a multitude of symptoms, and if not treated, anorexia can lead to permanent physical damage or deathRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Essay2312 Words   |  10 PagesAnorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder that is most prevalent in adolescent girls and young women. It is distinguished by the loss of at least 15% of the expected body weight (Long). The disease is characterized by the obsessive fear of gaining weight; through this fear, the person engages in dangerous dieting habits that prevent weight gain. According to statistics in 2011 anorexia is categorized as the third most common chronic disease among adolescents, in addition, eating disorders also haveRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pagesare either overweight or just not good enough. With implying that it might result in some type of eating disorder, such as anorexia nervosa. This obsession of being thin has rapidly increased over the years and is still accelerating.(DSM) This type of disorder, mainly appearing in females has over five million cases and one million in males.(family dr) Most kids with anorexia are usually perfectionist, or the kids who do extremely well in school and focus on pleasing others. (guide) Most people denyingRead MoreThe Trauma Of Anorexia Nervosa953 Words   |  4 PagesThe trauma of anorexia Let’s start saying that in my family two of them had or still have anorexia: my cousin and my aunt. It has been a pain in the heart. For years, I was afraid of the magnitude of this mental disorder. Anyway, this disorder is something that intrigued me for a long time, so I am going to try to transmit the pain it can release this disorder to the family and mainly to the person who actually has it. The mental disorder, called: anorexia nervosa, is a disorder characterized byRead MoreBackground History of Anorexia Nervosa1452 Words   |  6 PagesHISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA Anorexia nervosa’s (AN) first descriptions began during the twelfth and thirteenth century with the historical Saint Catherine of Siena (Deans, 2011). It is related to participating in religious functions and medieval practices of self-starvation (Deans, 2011). Furthermore, the death of popular singer, Karen Carpenter in 1983 created the societal awareness about the effect of anorexia nervosa and become widely known at the end of the twentieth century (RaderRead More Anorexia Nervosa Essay examples657 Words   |  3 Pages Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimal normal body weight. A disturbance in perception of body shape and weight is an essential feature of anorexia nervosa. It appears to be far more present in industrialized societies, in which there is an abundance amount of food and in which being considered attractive is linked to being thin. The disorder is most common in countries like the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia and Japa n. More than 95% of cases of anorexia nervosaRead MoreThe Eating Disorder And Anorexia Nervosa1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe eating disorder anorexia nervosa is one of complex nature that is caused and sustained by many interconnected factors of life. Characterized by strict dieting, an unrealistic perception of body image, excessive exercise, depression, and OCD, this disorder has the ability to boycott the lives of many individuals (Pinel, 2014). In order to understand the effects that this disorder has, it is essential to look at the socio-cultural, psychological, and physiological factors this disorder can entail

The Movie The Forest - 851 Words

The movies. A place where everyone comes to see entertainment on the big screen. Going to the movies has become very common in American culture. Sometimes though movies can be more than movies; they become events which can pull you in and make you feel like you are a part of the movie. No movies do that better than horror movies, which could have you sitting at the edge of your seat in one minute, then have you cowering back in your seat the next minute. I experienced a horror movie like that, it pulled me into the movie and made me feel everything the main character felt. The movie is called The Forest. The movie uses effective scare tactics such as creepy environment, jump scares, and psychological horror. The Forest is about a woman going to find her twin sister who got lost in a forest. But it is not just any forest the sister got lost in, it is the Aokigahara forest in Japan which is also called the suicide forest because of the high amounts of suicides committed in the forest. The movie is able to utilize the inherent creepiness in the forest, to keep the movie suspenseful and full of tension. Throughout the movie the forest is eerily quiet and all you hear is the crunching of twigs under the protagonist feet or the sound of the wind rustling the branches of the trees. All these sounds keep you at the edge of your seat, wondering when the first ghost or ghoul will pop out. Since there is no real music, and no signs when a jump scare could happen you are leftShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Forrest Gump 1603 Words   |  7 Pages The movie Forrest Gump played by Tom Hank is a story about Forest Gump a simple man and his journey through life. Gump was simple minded and liv ed his life by a set of values taught to him by his mother (Sally Field). While Forest sat down waiting for a bus, he tells his story. Forest takes part in several defining historical moments such as the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal and also had painful experiences. Despite his setbacks and naive nature, he struggles and triumphs in everythingRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream By William Shakespeare1197 Words   |  5 PagesIn A Midsummer Night’s Dream, the audience is never truly privy to any of the characters’ dreams; however, Shakespeare portrays reality as a sort of dream. The forest symbolizes a realm where anything can happen, with no regard for time or logic, much like in a dream. Therefore, when the lovers come out of the forest, without explanation for their actions, they believe it to be a dream, even though it had real-life consequences. By having the characters talk about their dreams and believe theirRead MoreHistorical Investigation to Prove Accuracy in the Film, Defiance1792 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences of Bielski Otriad. In order to understand how accurate the film â€Å"Defiance† was, research has to be done to investigate specific internal and external situations the Bielskis faced during World War II in the forests of Belarus. Assessing the differences and the similarities in both the movie and the documentary will be the method used to analyse. The method that will be used in the analysis will explain the dThe main sources for this investigation are The Bielski Brothers, Jerusalem in the WoodsRead MoreBook Review : First Or Watch The Movie First1416 Words   |  6 Pagesthe movie first? This is a question I often ask myself when knowing a movie I am about to see is based out of a book. I usually choose based upon the opinions of my friends, many of whom swear â€Å"the book is always better than the movie†. (Kitto, 2011) Often times, I find their opinions are the opposite of mine. We all realize that when taking a book and turning it in into a movie it is impossible to include everything as there are many things that do not transfer well from book to movie. SoRead MoreCompairison of Young Goodman Brown and No Country For Old Men900 Words   |  4 PagesThe story Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne depicts a man whose inner desire is to experience the evil forbidden forest, as well as retaining his image as a, â€Å"good and honest Christian.† This internal conflict is also portrayed in the movie No Country for Old Men, which was directed and written by the Coen brothers. In the movie the main character, Llewellyn Moss, is confronted with the moral dilemma of either keeping the drug money he found or calling the police. Although he morally makesRead MoreNazy Atrocities in the Movie Defiance708 Words   |  3 Pagesis not a typical holocaust movie, although there are scenes of Nazi atrocities, the story is more about those Jews who escaped the G erman camps and fought back for their freedom. It is based on a true story of the Bielski brothers, they led thousands of Jews to hide from the Germans in the forests of Nazi occupied Belarus, and they managed to keep them alive for several years. This movie is historically very accurate except for minor issues that happened in the movie. The Bielski brothers wereRead MoreLuis Sotelo. Mr. Ortiz. English 12. 27 February 2017. Macbeth1258 Words   |  6 Pagesthe setting and events. Washizu (Macbeth), Asaji (Lady Macbeth), Miki (Banquo), and the forest spirit (three witches) display both similarities and differences to the characters they reenact in Shakespeare’s play. The similarities and differences shape both of these pieces. It is believed that Shakespeare intended for Macbeth and Banquo to be foils of each other. This can be explored in both the play, and the movie with Washizu and Miki. In the play, Macbeth and Banquo are fighting Macdonwald and theRead MoreMovie Analysis : Forrest Gump1604 Words   |  7 Pageslike a box of chocolates...You never know what you re going to get, this quote was stated by Forrest Gump (Tom Hanks). Forrest Gump makes a big emphasis on how life is erratic and no one knows what lies ahead. Forrest was the main character of the movie, telling his life journey at a bus stop. A story of a man who was born with below average intelligence and still managed to accomplish many milestones in his life, all while creating relationships with people. This 1994 American drama film depictedRead MorePersuasive Essay About My Favorite Movie754 Words   |  4 Pagesfavorite movie. I was fascinated by how close to nature Pat, Skip, Jenny, and Toby were and particularly how close to wildlife they were. Every time I watched that movie I was just in awe of how beautiful it was and how they could sustain themselves and persevere through anything including multiple animal attacks. When I was a kid I always imagined running free in a field filled with flowers and being so close to nature and feeling free to explore my own little world. I have watched this movie countlessRead MoreElla Enchanted Book vs. the Movie Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesElla Enchanted book vs. the movie Many books that were published years ago have recently been made into movies. One of the well-known books that have been made into a film is Ella Enchanted (1997) by Gail Carson Levine. This book won several awards, including the Newbery Honor book in 1998. Ella enchanted, the Disney movie version was released in 2004. Anne Hathaway played the role of Ella and it was directed by Tommy O’Haver. The story talks about a girl named Ella who is cursed at birth by a

Business Research Methodology Theory

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Research Methodology for Theory. Answer: Introduction: Motivation of the Research The research study shows that the main objective behind this research study is to analyse what kind of relationship is there in between the fee of franchisee and the rate of royalty, in respect of the average outlet sales. As per the authors, there have been varied studies that have addressed the information in respect of the forms of payments in this matter, but all these researches have failed in analysing the relationship in between the initial franchisee fee and the royalty rates. The rationale of this research study is to determine how the franchisors conclude pricing in case of royalty rate and franchisee fee. In addition to it, the research study claims that it will contribute to the educational institutes by offering a source of elaboration. Development of Theory in the Research This research study has reviewed many literature papers which are related with the pricing of franchisee. Some of the researchers (nmamit, 2014) considered these payment methods as the twin parts of the payment mechanism (nmamit, 2014). This is being done to be ensured that the franchisee is receiving nothing more than the normal profits on the investment related with the franchise system. In this research study, the authors are focused towards testing the relationship in between the initial franchise fees and royalty rates. For this purpose primary data collection method has been taken up for demonstrating the values of the illustrative data for the franchisee research (nmamit, 2014). This research study starts with the brief introduction of the theoretical perspectives and developing hypothesis. After developing hypothesis, empirical testing of the hypothesis is initiated and thereafter the results of the research study are discussed in the light of franchise theory. Some of the ci ted works were interested in knowing one of the payment method and not the other; while some of them were interested in other payment method and not the first one. Construction of the Research Questions The research questions are required to be clear, precise and researchable. The questions should be accompanied by the relevant factors or variables. Academic relevance is essential for formulating the researchable question as it shows the unique study undertaken rather than reproducing any existing one. The literature review conducted in this research study clearly portrays that the statuses and the rules in relation with the franchising and franchise contracts are mainly subjected to the regulations, which are associated with the state security laws (Lehmann, 1985). This subject was seen, as the franchisee purchase is nothing but the essence of the financial investment done by the organization (Lehmann, 1985). Franchisor carries the right of competing keeping the expectation that many of them are going to bid up the prices for showing the normal returns after the decrease in cost of operations (Blair Kaserman, 1982). Researchers have pointed in their research study that hypothesis is a formal statement which offers the expected relationship in between the dependent and independent variables(Sen, 1993). Hypothesis 1: Keeping everything same in environment, the higher the fees amount of franchisee gets, the smaller the royalty goes Hypothesis 2: Keeping everything same in the environment, the higher the fees of the franchisor gets, the higher the royalty rate gets. Model For testing the hypothesis in between the franchisee fees and the royalty rates, Lafontaine (Lafontaine Shaw, 1996) shows in his research study that the franchisee fees are regressed on the rates of royalty for managing the differences related with the sales. This research study is important, as many of the previous research studies have not been successful in determining the relationship in between the franchisee fees and royalty rates. In this research mode, the researcher has tried to control the differences across the franchise system by using the sales per unit data of both the methods(MATHEWSON, 1985). Collection of the Data The data for this particular research study has been collected from the national mail survey, which was conducted with the fast food industry. The base for this research study was based on the research done by Lehman (Lehmann, 1985). With the help of the study done by Lehman (Lehmann, 1985), researchers of this study were able to compile the list of the fast food franchise system. After taking some preliminary steps for the development of the questionnaire, tithe authors of this research study conducted a pilot study for the questionnaire evaluation with 50 franchisors. After updating the questionnaire, survey was done with the fast food restaurant people and 152 questionnaires effective and complete questionnaire were gained. Analysis of Data Before testing the hypothesis, the author replicated the study of Lafontaine (Lafontaine F. , 1994), with the current study. The findings were quite persistent with the research of Lafontaines (Lafontaine F. , 1994) research, in which rates of royalty are not considered as significant (Lafontaine F. , 1994). The findings of the research study supports the findings related with the hypothesis 2, which focuses that the fees of franchisee are not being utilised for developing extra value from the franchisee (Lafontaine F. , 1994). Discussion It is observed that the selected literature reviews were focused on both kinds of fee methods. However, every author has contradictory statements because of which the motive of research is obscure. It is quite relevant to indicate that the research questions do specifies much about the researchs scope(Caves, 1976). There are two implications related with the results of this research study. Firstly, if the organization is not using the initial fee for recovering the extra value than it should be believed that this factor does not act as the performance bond. Secondly, organization should focus on deriving high level of profits from the continuous association of the franchise system (Caves, 1976). Conclusion This research study concludes that the initial fee of franchisee should not be considered as the catalyst for developing the surplus value after the royalty payment. Bibliography Blair, R. D., Kaserman, D. L. (1982). Optimal Franchising. Southern Economic Journal. Caves, R. (1976). Franchising: Firms, Markets, and Intangible Assets. Southern Economic Journal. Lafontaine, F. (1994). The evolution of ownership patterns in franchise systems. Journal of Retailing. Lafontaine, F., Shaw, K. L. (1996). The Dynamics of Franchise Contracting: Evidence from Panel Data. NBER. Lehmann, D. R. ( 1985). Market research and analysis. Richard D. Irwin. MATHEWSON, G. (1985). The Economics of Franchise Contracts. JOURNAL OF LAW AND ECONOMICS. nmamit. (2014). Mandatory Disclosure of the Information. nmamit. Sen, K. C. (1993). The use of initial fees and royalties in business-format franchising. Managerial and Decision Economics.

Organizational Change Management for ANZ Bank -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Change Management for ANZ Bank. Answer: Introduction The following report is about the change in management and change in leadership of Australian and New Zealand Bank (ANZ Bank). It is one of the biggest companies of Australia and is the largest company of New Zealand. The company also happens to be the most successful business ventures of Australia and New Zealand. It has a rich and inspiring history which is about 170 years ago when it happened to be Bank of Australia at the time of its inception and has evolved from there. Its evolution has witnessed many alterations and modifications in its management which has led it to become the leading business enterprise in Australia and New Zealand. Being a banking institution it has to undergo many changes with the changing economic structure and demand of the market and ANZ has premiered in every aspect of management change. It has become a public listed company with its shareholders who number in lakhs. The following report will discuss and examine in details the theories and models of ch ange in management of ANZ and the models and theories of change in leadership which ANZ has experienced in its way to become one of the biggest banks of two neighbor countries. Theory of Change Management There are a number of change theories which are implemented in the management of an institution such as ANZ bank which has proven to be fruitful for the company. ANZ has expanded its business in 5 different divisions which comes with a requirement of change in the management of the institution. ANZ has its main branches in New Zealand, Australia and Asia Pacific and its divisions are based in these countries with an addition of shared and institutional services (Stockport et al. 2012). There are five main theories of change which ANZ has implemented in its management. These changes describe why and in what way ANZ has executed these changes and it also illustrates the process ANZ has undergone and the directions it has followed. The change theories are: General Theory of Change: This particular theory is comprised of four sub-theories which are implemented by ANZ bank in its management. These theories are: Life Cycle Theory: There is a linear path followed by the change in which the next change is executed only when the previous change has completed its implementation (Heijungs and Suh 2013). ANZ educated and introduced its customers with products and services such as credit cards, mortgages, personal loans and transaction banking. After the implementation of this retail plan it introduced Commercial Banking. Teleological Theory:It is determined by the concept of strategy. It focuses on having a target and completing it with a proper strategy and within time before making any further changes (Burke 2017). ANZ has been a beacon of financial educator by making significant changes in financial inclusion. It has introduced Saver Plus scheme for financial inclusion and implemented it like an expert. Dialectical Theory:This theory states that ANZ bank has put itself at the center of a conflict between internal and external competing conflicts. There is always a hunt of power in an organization such as ANZ but the notion to maintain the stability by making changes in the organization at the same time is established by the this theory (Halbesleben, Whiteman and Crawford 2014). In 1990 ANZ made John McFarlane its new CEO with a completely new team in its higher management which was done to achieve a sustainable growth in the long-term. Evolutionary Theory: It is concerned about the competition, survival and innovation in the organization. This is supported by the process of selection and change in structure (Crawford and Krebs 2013). In 2000, ANZ went for a transformation which was taken forward as bank with a human face. It altered the nature of work, the structure of work and induced growth in the business of bank in quick time. Theory of Emergent and Incremental Change: This theory states that the change can be executed in an unplanned manner when there is introduction of new technology (Nyberg and Ployhart 2013). When ANZ bank went through such a change its organizational efficiency improved a lot and the members were benefited by this change as their work become easier and they had the leverage of technology to get their work done with much accuracy. Theory of Temporal Planned Change: This theory of change is comprised of four aspects of change which are socializing, engineering, commanding and teaching (Cummings and Worley 2014). Each aspect is separately implemented such as in commanding the coercive agents are deployed to make changes, in engineering the analytics play the major part such as designing the process of work to speed up the work. Teaching refers to a planned and logical way of learning the work process and socializing insinuates towards making relationships with the customers. Equilibrium Model of Strategic Change: This theory is separated between the convergence of equilibrium in which slow and gradual changes take place and the sudden changes which reorient and reshuffle the entire management of the ANZ bank (Smith 2014). The former one takes longer durations to happen and the latter one is fast. Theory of Strategic Change Complexity: It says that organizations are complex in nature and the environmental uncertainty changes the status and nature of management (Eden and Ackermann 2013). It makes them more complex with introduction of rules and regulations that governs the strategy of the ANZ bank. Models of Change Management There are many models of Change Management which are followed by number of organizations according to their nature of work and requirement of the time. ANZ bank is an organization which has undergone many changes in all these years. But mostly it has used the Lewins Change Management Model (Cummings, Bridgman and Brown 2016). This model is known to be the most widely accepted and used model of change across the biggest organizations of the world. It is a common model which works for any type of business may it be small, new or of any nature. This theory is the foundation stone for all the change theories since it has been postulated in 1940. It simply says three things which are unfreeze, change and refreeze. The revelations of these three aspects are: Unfreeze: This dimension of the theory is about accepting the changes which are important at the time and breaks the current status quo of the organization to make way for new changes to happen. The main point in this aspect to make everyone believe that the current status cannot continue and there is a need for change. This message can be argued on the base of declining sales, poor customer satisfaction, deteriorating financial status etc. To implement this theory the management needs to challenge the behaviors, beliefs, attitudes and results which exist (Al-Haddad and Kotnour 2015). In context of the ANZ bank, bringing John McFarlane to head the organization made this theory applicable as he talked about changing the current state of work in the bank and introduced new changes which were radically different as compared to the ongoing practice. He introduced three major leadership programs and emphasized on the culture of work being practiced in ANZ. In the beginning these changes a re very stressful to accept but after some time people get used to the new set of methods and get comfy with it. Change: After the phase of unfreeze has taken its course there is a feeling of uncertainty in the management of ANZ bank. It is during the course of change that people of ANZ start making peace with those uncertainties by the understating its implications and accepting it for future purpose. People start to believe in those changes and see a way through towards new horizons of work. This transition does not happen in quick time but settles down slowly and gradually (Al-Haddad and Kotnour 2015). People take their time and accept it by participating actively in the new courses. Change Curve is a related model which signifies the level of acceptance in the management which includes personal change over into new atmosphere of work (Blozis and Harring 2015). It happens only when people get to know the benefits of change which is an important motivation as not everyone is inclined to accept it just out of the goodness of their hearts. ANZ bank has done a lot to make people believe in the c hanges which starts from communication between the employees and time they are leveraged to embracethem. ANZ started programs that connect its employees to the organization to conclude this transition. Refreeze: When the transition is near completion and people feel comfortable in their new environment ANZ was ready to refreeze. The methods used by ANZ to illustrate refreeze were to prepare an organizational stability chart and to display consistent description of jobs (Al-Haddad and Kotnour 2015). Refreeze state needs to institutionalize and adopt the changes which people have undergone in ANZ bank. This directly implies that ANZ needed to use the changes more often by inducing the in daily work of the bank. This displays the belief of ANZ that people are now confident and stable in using the new ways in which the bank will work. It lays the foundation stone for any further changes which ANZ will introduce as it checks the acceptance among its employees. The successful change was celebrated by ANZ to acknowledge the pain and efforts made by its employees in realizing the change process which is an award in itself. Theory of Change Leadership Leadership is a key factor in bringing about any type of change in the organization. It is more of a psychological concept than a practice which needs only implementation. For the sake of growth and progress in the changing world leadership must be dynamic which understands the importance of change and that too at the right time (Saeed et al. 2014). At first ANZ bank has overcome the FUD factor which states that every change initiated in any organization. Fear, uncertainty and doubt are the main hindrances in any change to be accomplished. Psychology of employees was observed to be in a state of comfort. Change makes them uncomfortable as it is not familiar to them (Cameron and Green 2015). They start to doubt themselves as the new environment is uncertain and there is as sense of incompetence which creeps in their minds.To mitigate these challenges ANZ made its employees believe that the gains which they will get is way more than the loss which they are feeling.ANZ bank changes the dynamics of human factor as well as of the organization to make people believe that the change will pay them good dividends. Some aspects of leadership change practiced by ANZ are: Creation of compelling statements of change: ANZ bank made a point by showing its employees the status of business of its various divisions across the world and also compared it with other banking institutions who were making much more profits than them (Jehanzeb and Bashir 2013). The current state of market and the trends which were being developed in the banking world were some tools used by ANZ. Leadership appealed to the competence of its employees to undergo changes which were upgradations in the working methods which were needed to stay in the game. Communication between the leadership and employees: After the realization of statements made by ANZ there was a need of continuous communication between the management and the working staff so oversee the acceptance of change and the degree of change which was going to take place (Zhang and Venkatesh 2013). Communication kept the employees on a leash and proper monitoring was also possible due to that. More the communication more the implementation. It helped the leadership to get into the conscience of its employees which made them realize that how important these changes are for ANZ bank. Maximization of Participation: As leading a change is not a one man job and it should not be left on time to happen. ANZ deployed all its top level management to supervise and participate in the change process proactively so that it does not make the employees feel that they are the only one who are making the effort (Cameron and Green 2015). Collective participation helped ANZ to bring out change in an efficient manner. Models of Change Leadership There are three models of Change leadership which can be deployed to successfully mentor the changes. These three models and Group Leadership, Individual Leadership and Societal Leadership, as the size of the ANZ bank organization is huge and ranges to almost all corners of the globe they practiced two leadership styles to accomplish change. The two models of Change leadership are: Group Leadership: John McFarlane joined ANZ bank in 1990 and was given the freedom to choose its own team with new visions and ways of working. He developed a team of like-minded professionals who believed in the visions and aims of ANZ bank and collectively implemented the changes which were required at that time. John and his team brought many positive changes and achieved goals such as enhancing customer satisfaction, improving employee engagement, increased community recognition and also completely changed the financial performance of ANZ keeping the shareholders in consensus (Paunova 2015). In accomplishing these goals the entire team worked together to bring about technological change adopted from various business strategies practiced in the world, financial schemes analogous to the market conditions and so on. Societal Leadership: The major change which was brought about by ANZ was cultural one. Changing the working culture from the top level of management to the bottom level of employees was a tough job for the management which was accomplished with much precision. Working culture of internal staff showed significant improvement according to the feedback given by the customers (Martin 2014). ANZ worked a lot to find and nurture talent in its organization which proved to be very fruitful for them. Employees were duly rewarded for their good performance which motivated them towards change. ANZ kept everyone together as a group of people sharing same enthusiasm and interest to accept change. Recommendations Global finance has faced a lot of atrocities such as Global Financial Crisis of 1930. At that time the banking and finance sector took maximum hit as they are the fundamental entities of global finance. However, banks of Australia and New Zealand are more robust and strong than the banks in other parts of the world. This was due to the changes which they were willing to adopt to sustain themselves. There are certain recommendations which can be useful for ANZ bank if done before making any changes. Some recommendations are: Resource management: Available resources should be managed and used efficiently to bring about any change. These resources can be monetary, technological as well as human resources. Providing these resources to the employees can make things smooth during a transition. Career Structure: When a staff is realized that the change can improve his career prospect in the administrative matters and can lead him to greater heights he can be more inclined towards change. Strategic Approach: There should be a strategy which requires the employees to enhance their skill set by educating themselves about the new trends and technologies being used world over. They should feel the need of higher education which can be of financial orientation. There should be an agreement that the support staff will work in administrative field with definite roles and functions. There should also be a holistic plan for all the staff who work in ANZ bank. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that change in the working culture of any organization is inevitable. With rapid globalization there are numerous practices which are coming into existence now and then and ANZ bank needs to keep up with the pace of change. The above report contains all the theories of change adopted by the management of ANZ bank and the consequences of change which they experienced in due course of time. The report also mentions the theories and models of change leadership which ANZ bank deployed to successfully transit from the previous working culture to new methods of work. The above mentioned theories are derived from the case study of ANZ bank which was done in detail and with much analysis. There is always scope for some modifications in the form of recommendation which is also illustrated in the report. ANZ bank being the leader in banking institutions in Australia and New Zealand has gone through much to keep its supremacy in the market for over half a century and are justified so. Reference Al-Haddad, S. and Kotnour, T., 2015. Integrating the organizational change literature: a model for successful change. Journal of organizational change management, 28(2), pp.234-262. Blozis, S.A. and Harring, J.R., 2015. Understanding individual-level change through the basis functions of a latent curve model. Sociological Methods Research, p.0049124115605341. Burke, W.W., 2017. Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015. Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Crawford, C. and Krebs, D.L. eds., 2013. Handbook of evolutionary psychology: Ideas, issues, and applications. Psychology Press. Cummings, S., Bridgman, T. and Brown, K.G., 2016. Unfreezing change as three steps: Rethinking Kurt Lewins legacy for change management. human relations, 69(1), pp.33-60. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013. Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Halbesleben, J.R., Whitman, M.V. and Crawford, W.S., 2014. A dialectical theory of the decision to go to work: Bringing together absenteeism and presenteeism. Human Resource Management Review, 24(2), pp.177-192. Heijungs, R. and Suh, S., 2013. The computational structure of life cycle assessment (Vol. 11). Springer Science Business Media. Jehanzeb, K. and Bashir, N.A., 2013. Training and development program and its benefits to employee and organization: A conceptual study. European Journal of business and management, 5(2). Martin, J., 2014. Organizational Culture and Leadership. Leadership in Academic Libraries Today: Connecting Theory to Practice, p.143. Nyberg, A.J. and Ployhart, R.E., 2013. Context-emergent turnover (CET) theory: A theory of collective turnover. Academy of Management Review, 38(1), pp.109-131. Paunova, M., 2015. The emergence of individual and collective leadership in task groups: A matter of achievement and ascription. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(6), pp.935-957. Saeed, T., Almas, S., Anis-ul-Haq, M. and Niazi, G.S.K., 2014. Leadership styles: relationship with conflict management styles. International Journal of Conflict Management, 25(3), pp.214-225. Shareholder.anz.com. (2017). Profile | ANZ Shareholder Centre. [online] Available at: https://shareholder.anz.com/our-company/profile?_ga=2.172432747.913417084.1505576999-1385059367.1505576999 [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017]. Smith, W.K., 2014. Dynamic decision making: A model of senior leaders managing strategic paradoxes. Academy of Management Journal, 57(6), pp.1592-1623. Stockport, G.J., Godley, M., Guagliado, D., Leung, O., Mercer, B., Varma, G. and Wong, S., 2012. ANZ Bank: Building a strategy for Asia. South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases, 1(1), pp.31-41. Zhang, X. and Venkatesh, V., 2013. Explaining employee job performance: The role of online and offline workplace communication networks. Mis Quarterly, 37(3).

Panel Discussion free essay sample

To be honest, we felt a little disappointed when Ms. Jeanne Purpura told us minutes before our panel discussion that the projector was not available for use. In addition, we also sort of panicked because almost half of what we would deliver that day was only based and could only be delivered effectively by our powerpoint presentation. The graphs and statistics we have researched about were included in that visual aid; the audience might have enjoyed and understood the discussion more if the projector was functioning well. All the same, we still managed to get through. In fact, in my opinion, we have achieved our objective of informing the audience about mobile nuclear drive, its advantages, disadvantages and consequences to the health and welfare of the society. However, no panel discussion is perfect. In fact, no speech is flawless; everyone has his/her own strengths and weaknesses. And in this paper, I am going to discuss the strong and weak points of our panel discussion. We will write a custom essay sample on Panel Discussion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Let me begin with the â€Å"Speaker† aspects in the rubric for panel discussion. I admit that one of the weak spots of our group was the lack of enthusiasm in our facial expressions and voice projection. We, the panel members, also failed to establish rapport with one another. However, in my opinion, my groupmates and I tried our best to be as knowledgeable as possible with regards to our assigned topic. Without a doubt, I can tell that we looked prepared and credible, not just because we are engineering students and are expected to really have some grasp of these kind of topics but because we have really researched and internalized the issue in depth. We also wore appropriate formal attire and took our respective roles as different kinds of engineers seriously. As a result of these, we had some convincing power towards the audience that I felt their eagerness to listen and learn more about our subject matter. They even asked a handful of questions and this serves as proof that they were really into our discussion. On the other hand, I confess that the flow of our discussion was not that organized. The ideas did not come in a smooth flow and I think, this was one of the consequences of not having a visual aid. In effect, the panel discussion lacked spontaneity. However, we should have adjusted with regards to that aspect for the reason that technical difficulties are inevitable and a good speaker should have seen that and have prepared for that beforehand. In the rubric, we scored relatively high in the â€Å"Message Content† part. I think it is because our arguments are supported with adequate evidence and well–researched facts and information. We failed to cite our references though, for the reason that our list of references was embedded in our powerpoint presentation. Lastly, based on the feedback we have received from our blockmates, I believe that our group has answered the questions of the audience credibly and convincingly. Next aspect would be the organization. Thanks to our moderator, Mr. Doolittle, who started and ended our panel discussion with a bang. On the other side of the coin, we failed to use transitions and the details we discussed were not that logically organized, like what I said in one of the paragraphs above. In other words, a smooth flow of ideas was not observed. Apologies. In the aspect of transmission, we also scored relatively high. There was a varied intonation and a conversational tone while we delivered the information. There was also a controlled speed delivery; we went not too fast but not too slow. In simpler words, we went at a moderate pace, so as not to hurry or lose the eagerness of the audience. When it comes to nonverbal aspects of speech delivery, our group did not fail to apply what we have learned. I noticed some simple but effective gestures while watching our video. Even the effortless movements of hands while discussing could help in transmitting what we are trying to express or say. Our group also explained the technicalities and the mechanics of nuclear power in layman’s terms so as to be understood by our blockmates who are not that familiar with our subject matter. For this reason, I think it is valid to say that we used clear language to benefit everyone. Still, we fell trap to using fillers like uhm’s and ah’s and unavoidable pauses. Sorry for those. On the bright side, there was no code-switching in our discussion. In linguistics,  code-switching  is the switching between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation. In our discussion, we really tried our very best to explain the topic to our audience through he use of only one language, English. This is for the reason that English will be used when we communicate with our fellow engineers and with other professionals less than five years from now. Last would be the audience rapport. At the beginning of the discussion, our moderator formally acknowledged the presence of the audience, especially of Ms. Jeanne. Also, our group made it a point to include audience participation in our discussion. In truth, according to them, we have addressed and answered their questions and clarifications properly. Also, a big â€Å"thank you† to our moderator, Mr. Doolittle, who did well in maintaining the balance of our discussion and for adding some humor when the topic becomes serious and very technical; without him, the audience might have been bored with the endless scientific terms being bombarded to them. With this, the audience paid attention and rapport with them was established. What’s more, the fact that our topic, Mobile Nuclear Drive, was new, interesting, appealing and environment-related adds to the list of our strengths of our panel discussion. Conversely, one weak point in this aspect would be the failure of establishing and maintaining eye contact with the audience. To sum up, for the reason that we received more good comments than bad ones from our blockmates, I can say that our panel discussion was not much of a disaster even though we did not have a powerpoint presentation to aid us. Just like the previous activity, the Informative Speech, I also learned lots of lessons in this Panel Discussion activity. First, be prepared just in case a technical difficulty comes in and ruins your original plan. Always have plan B. Second, rapport is very essential when it comes to almost everything. But to be specific, audience rapport in speeches is a â€Å"must† because without it, your whole speech would be wasted because no one will listen to you. Third, know your topic from the heart. Who knows? You could be asked with heaps of questions and you should be able to answer if not all, most of them. Plus, five years from now, we might be working in a company and when it comes to project or business proposals, we should master every detail, may it be big or small, so as to gain the credibility and trust of other, even higher professionals. Lastly, there must be a logical organization of the details or the parts of your speech so as not to confuse your audience and for them to continue listening with eagerness and full attention.

Criminal Justice and Injustice essays

Criminal Justice and Injustice essays The Declaration of Independence stated, "all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights" (Jefferson). But how much of that is true? Since the very beginning of the legal system in the United States, there has been inequality. Appearance has held such precedence for Americans. Now, with the threat of terrorists, many use racial stereotypes to determine who is accountable for our unsafe environment. Color remains a powerful instrument for discrimination in the criminal justice system. Discrimination has been a large part of our society. But how can we overcome discrimination while the forces that protect us are one of the major causes? Police are using differential treatment upon minorities. In one case, which happened on March 3, 1991, four Los Angeles police officers brutally beat African American, Rodney King. When they brought the case to court, they moved it to a nearly all-white community without any jurors whom were African Ame rican. Some believe there are two justice systems: one for whites and one for people of color. Many feel the system is administered almost exclusively by whites and designed to protect the white lives and property but provide minimal protection to the life and safety of minorities like Rodney King. Because of the recent terrorists attacks, now more than ever, police are using racial profiling on anyone they feel is a threat or looks suspicious. The criminal justice system groups together all members of a particular race according to the actions of a relative few. By casting a negative light toward being Arab, Black, Mexican, Asian or any number of other ethnic races, the criminal justice system clearly demonstrates a great deal of ignorance and disrespect for that individual; just because someone is a member of a certain race does not mean that he or she represents any of the negative insinuations associated with that race. The September 11th terrorist ...

Navajo Nation Water Crisis - Propose a legislation change Essay

Navajo Nation Water Crisis - Propose a legislation change - Essay Example Speaker, Lawrence T. Morgan of the 21st Navajo Nation Council seeks to focus the attention of the Council on the need to enact a new piece of legislation to remedy a long-time anomaly in the Navajo area, i.e. convenient access to safe and affordable drinking water. The Navajo Nation is a semi-autonomous region of Native Americans and is spread in the northeastern Arizona, southeastern Utah and northwestern New Mexico, covering just 26,000 square miles of territory. Its unique position of being the largest Native American jurisdiction in the USA, gives it a heightened importance both as a semi-autonomous region and a culturally distinct entity. Thus in the eyes of the external world, it’s a very important civilization with a dynamic cultural dimension. Human existence and survival has been facilitated much more by the presence of water and this need is just second only to the air that humans breathe. Through centuries of human settlement expansion, the available amount of pure drinking water has been depleted and right now sources of such natural drinking water have naturally shrunk to a few spread over a large expanse of the territory. The Navajo Nation is not immune to this creeping problem either. Right now many people in the Nation have to travel considerable distances to fetch drinking water (DeZuane, 1996). Apart from the hazards involved there are such negative factors as costs, inconvenience and loss of time to be taken into account. The relative scarcity of drinking water in the region is a well known problem and so far little or no attention has been paid to possible remedial measures that can be adopted to solve the problem. Before it happens to assume crisis proportions, the Navajo Nation Council ought to actively promote a legislative remedy to bring about a solution. However such a legislative process intended to remedy an existing anomaly or shortcoming of this magnitude requires thorough pre-planning and a rational program of action. As the

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Auditing - Essay Example The employee had been steeling for years and covering her tracks by dividing the amount into very small amounts in the various accounts. Risks are more prevalent at the end of the year when there is a incase of an unusual transactions, when the companies performance is declining for no apparent reason, frequent change in business councillors and auditors, where there is a complex corporate structure and inadequate balancing of financial accounts. Audit risks include inherent risks, control risks and analytical procedure risks. Inherent risk is associated with auditor's assessment of material misstatement, it is associated with wrong information given on financial status of the various accounts. Accounts with low inherent risks include fixed assets accounts which are easy to observe and securities traded in the stock market whose price level is easily observed. Control risks are the risk that which misstatement is not easily observed and cannot be prevented or detected. The internal control system cannot detect these frauds. The assessment of control risks detects the effectiveness of the internal control to prevent and detect such misstatement. Analytical procedure risks is the risk associated with the auditor, it is a measure of the willingness of an auditor to accept the misstatement of financial statements. This risk will cause unqualified opinions on the current status of a company. The auditor can lower these risks by making sure that financial statements are not materially misstated. Both the inherent and the control risks are referred to as the risk of material misstatement. (http://www.aicpa.org/pubs/jofa/sep2000/prac_aud.htm) The analysis of Railway PLC Financial statements. According to the audited financial statements of Railway PLC the risks can be analyzed as follows: The profit and loss account for Railway PLC has two parts, the Railway and the River financial statements. This combination is not appropriate and the two sectors should be analyzed separately. In my previous discussion on the possible of the occurrence of frauds and errors, when an organization has a complex corporate structure then the risks of fraud are high. Therefore the two should be analyzed separately to reduce the occurrence of frauds and to determine their individual contribution to profits. The direct costs, depreciation and other expenses in the profit and loss account should be split into individual expenses so as to enable proper auditing in detection of any frauds. These accounts individual accounts should also be audited. Direct costs should contain fuel expenses and other accounts associated with cost of providing services. Depreciation should also be analyzed according to individual assets and this accounts forwarded for auditing. Another risk factor is the indication of revenues and expenses in thousand pounds. Each single cent should be accounted for and this is evident in the above case where an employee committed frauds through the division of a large sum of money

Body Diversity and Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Body Diversity and Media - Essay Example Body diversity is a crucial component that the society needs to address not only in America, but also across the globe. It ought to be so because some sections of the society have developed stereotypes about certain body formations. More often than not, such stereotypes border on unfairness, especially the ones that have discriminatory elements. For example, fatness was considered a sign of fortune and fertility in the 20th century but currently it is a sign of poor health and selfishness. It may not necessarily be so because the degree of fatness differs across individuals and the causes are widespread. For instance, a person may become fat because he/she has peace of mind while another may be so because of engaging in unhealthy lifestyles. Racism has been ailing the world, particularly the United States, for centuries now. It is simply discrimination based on skin color. Despite frantic efforts by Malcolm X and Martin Luther King jnr. to bring civil revolution in their times, racism continues to be a major challenge to national cohesion in America and many countries. The evidence of racism in the United States is depicted by the voting trends during election times. It means that a nation can be liberal and democratic yet racist. People are different in skin color, eye color, body shape, and hair texture, but they are all humans who deserve equal treatment. All sectors of the society must come into play in order to condemn the evil of discrimination based on body diversity. Perhaps a critical tool that a nation can either use to fun or shun discrimination based on body diversity is the media. Indeed, the media plays a critical media can provide a platform for dissuading citizens from all forms of bodily discrimination. Besides skin color and hair texture, most American with disability have also had to cope with high levels of discrimination. Since it is

Responsibilities Of Man In The Family

Responsibilities Of Man In The Family Family is an assembly of people who have marital relation and blood related individuals, living under the same roof. A group of many families living together is considered a society. In other words, family is a cell of a modern society. Each and every individual has the responsibility of building up the family in order to create a happy family. In the current world, the man plays a very special role which affects not only his current family but also later generations. There is a saying in Vietnamese: Men are the ones who build the house, while women are the one who create the home, we can see that the man is always the strong one, who does the heaviest work for his family, but it does not mean that the mans role is just to support the family in financing, building the house, providing settlement then living all the rest of the familys duties to the woman to do all the household chores such as raising children or house caring, the man and the woman have to share with each other about every aspect of living life and familys side. Being a man of the family is not a simple thing, he has to show all of his strengths to build up his family which seems to be a difficult work for all men in the world. Marriage is a combination of the man and the woman, according to Mignon McLaughlin, a successful marriage requires falling in love many times, always with the same person. To become the man of the family, firstly, he has to be a good husband. A good husband is the man who understands his wifes needs and wants. Any woman wants her husband to be a successful man and always willing to share with her all problems in life, like Zig Ziglar (also known as Hilary Hinton Ziglar) said before: Many marriages would be better if the husband and the wife clearly understood that they are on the same side. For the Christians, when a man and a woman are getting married, they always promise to love each other forever and be side by side through sickness, poverty, even the hardest times of life, richness or healthy in the church. So, we can easily see that love is the first requirement of being a husband. The husband needs to give his wife the love and regards her like a woman and a person, not a maid for free in the house. Intense love, compassion, altruism, understanding of the husband is the thing woman wants the most. A man who has a warm heart, always opens his mind to listen to his wife is an ideal husband. Listening and understanding is always the important thing to do for his wife because Shared joy is a double joy, shared sorrow is half a sorrow said by Swedish Proverb. Woman loves by eyes and ears, thus she will be very happy when she gets a good compliment from the husband. When the wife feels happy, she will do everything to make her family become happier and happier, fully fi lled with love. Dividing the responsibilities in a family is different, depend on the culture. For instance, it is common for a Japanese household that the husband is the one who goes to work, giving financial support for the whole family, while the wife usually retreats from her previous work, willingly take care of all the house chores and raising children. Rarely, the husband will do some part of the chores when he feels like to, or under pressure from other parties (his spouse, children, etc.). In this situation, the man of the family becomes the main financial provider. In the modern life, other hard works, such as fixing or maintaining the houses equipments can be done by paying to a third party service, thus making money becomes the most important assignment that the man has to concentrate on. Aside from that, the man in the house must also have well personality, good insight and knowledgeable. Moreover, contributing to the emotional, spiritual, physical and mental well-being of his family are all necessary. In order to do this, he must recognise that there are other elements other than money are needed to be provided. The man mainly takes this part in familys duties. When the need of love and financial are fulfilled, the woman will need a strong man to protect her family. That is an important duty of the husband. Not only protecting the family, the man should also be the first one to solve all the problems. That does not mean that the husband is the only one who has to do all the problem-solving part, but that he should do it instead of waiting for his partner to ask for help or push him up. A role-model husband is not the one who knows everything or does everything, but the one who has the ability to balance every duty, giving it the most suitable priority. Nowadays, there are many women choose to be single mothers. They are confident that even when lacking the support of the men, they can still be able to live well, raising the children to become good people without the need of their childrens father. However, that will not give the children all the care they need, as a proverb in Vietnamese: the child without his/her father is similar to the house without its roof. On the other hand, the mother cannot teach her child all the skills that the childs father can do. No matter how masculine the woman is, there are always tasks that only men can do. Become a mother is a proof of how the feminine she is already. How can she raise her son to become a real man, without the affection of all the feminine she has? And how can she give her precious girl a good imagine of the daughters future partner? They will just simply take all the trait of their only parent, thus hardening all the tasks on the mother, will may not relevant at early age, but become more clearly as they grow up. Furthermore, children are always longed more love and care, and will easily get jealous if they see that they are not getting as much attention as other kids. Whenever they see other childrens fathers sending them to school, or playing sport together, immediately there will be countless questions arise in the lonely child mind: Do I have a father? Who is my father? Why had he never appeared in my life? As the consequence, all that questions will be turned to the mother, which will surely be in an uncomfortable situation when being asked like that. At that time, is there any explanation that understand able to the children without hurting them, or will other lies be given that put the children in deeper confusion? A life without a man in the family will cause many difficulties to the woman. For now she will have to do all the house works, while taking care of the kids and keeping the familys financial situation at an acceptable rate. How does she suppose to do all that jobs at the same time? If the woman is in a rich family, or she already has a well paying job, then the tasks can be less pressuring. However, those are only rare exceptions. On the contradict, many single mothers having trouble balancing the duties all at once. Hence, she will need a man to share all the weight on her shoulder, in order to keep the family happy and affluent at all time. Taking care of the children must not come from the though that is it the duty as the parents, but from the immeasurable and unconditional love to their blood related children. Educating the kids is not an individual task. It must be done by both the parents, taken will well care and be treasured. Children are especially sensitive, and always eager to learn new things from the world. Every little thing from the outer environment will affect their perspective, which decides the childrens behaviour when they grow up. They will just simply mimic all what they think that are interesting. The worst thing is, the actions that the children try to mimic may not be all right. Supposedly there may be bad behaviours such as bullying or pick pocketing. As time goes by, they will consider that those actions are the righteous, without regarding its true meaning. Therefore, as the nearest source of affection the children, parents always have to act as role model, not only while teaching their kid, but in everyday actions. Similar to growing a tree, if well tended had not been taken since it was a seed, the tree might not give out its expected juicy fruit. For example, considering a family of the sporty type, in which there are many sports activities are done by both the father and the son. The boy will soon get the habit of doing sport, and keep practicing them when he grows up. Soon enough, that man will spread his hobby to the next generation, when he starts having family on his own. In the family of the arguing type, where parents always shout at each other for every trivial, the children will pick up that pattern, and become ill-mannered in no time. That cycle will continue for ever, until there are changes in the new family. However, that does not mean that any successful man will also success in being a father. Sometime, the mans mind sways away with his busy career, thus forgetting his duty as a father, neglecting his responsibility of teaching the kids. Only when he is at the top of the career ladder, and his children have already on the completely wrong track, he will realise his own carelessness. Therefore, it is necessary for the man to balance between the family and the job. For a girl, the father is usually taken as the model for her boy friend or future life partner. If the relationship between father and daughter is close and they often have conservations together, the girl will be more confident in choosing boyfriend, better understanding of the opposite gender, thus avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary worries. As a female, when the girl gets dressed, she wants to be the centre of the attentions, so if the father can understand and commend on her dresses, it will affect to her way of dressing and living and then leading to a familiar life suitable to her family and society. A boy always has his secret which is not easy to say out and he is easy to be influent by his friends bad habits, if he has a good guider who encourage his mind and knowledge, he will be prevented from the wrong way in his life. And the boy is deeply getting his father characters effect. If a boy grow up without a father, he cannot get along well with all the boys problems, mother cannot share all the secrets with her son. Boys are more difficult, they often act like his father does. In conclusion, the man in the family plays a very important role in the family. He has to perform the duty of not only the husband, the father but also the mental leader. As a husband, he has to understands and sympathises with his wife, his soul-mate. As a father, he has the responsibility to teach his son and daughter the skills needed to become good people. As a mental leader, he has to remain calm and strong in any situations. It is not easy to perform all those tasks perfectly simultaneously, but with a strong heart and a clear determination, nothing is impossible. BIBLIOGRAPHIES Cohen D., 2001, The fathers book :being a good dad in the 21st century, Wileys, ISBN: 0470841338 Dubowitz H., MD, MS; Black M.M., PhD; Kerr M.A., MS; 2000; Father and Child Neglect; Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000; pp.154:135-141 Garfield C. F., Issaco A., Fathers and the Well-Child Visit, PEDIATRICS Vol. 117 No. 4 April 2006, pp. e637-e645 Garner P., Clough P., 2008, Fathers and sons: in and about education, Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham Books Ltd., ISBN: 9781858563701 Gilbert L. A., Rachlin V., 1987, Mental health and psychological functioning of dual-career families, The Counseling Psychologist 15 (1987), pp. 7-49. Katiereich, 7-7-2009, Support the man in your life [Online resource], reference link: http://missionalwife.wordpress.com/2009/07/07/support-the-man-in-your-life/, last accessed 16-04-2010 McGrail A., 1996, Becoming a family (National Childbirth Trust Guide), Stationery Office Books, ISBN: 0117019348 Michael D., 1999, The name assigned to the document by the author. This field may also contain sub-titles, series names, and report numbers.Parenting and Child Development in Nontraditional Families, Publisher name and contact information, as provided by the publisher; updated only if notified by the publisher.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, ISBN: 0-8058-2748-X

Essay --

LITERATÃ… ªRA 1. Dengzhe Ma, Jà ¼rgen Gausemeier, Xiumin Fan, Michael Grafe. Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality in Industry (The 2nd Sino-German Workshop). Springer, 2009. 2. RaghavSood. Pro Android Augmented Reality. Apress, 2012. 3. Gregory Kipper, Joseph Rampolla. Augmented Reality: An Emerging Technologies Guide to AR. Syngress/Elsevier, 2012. 4. Borko Furht. Handbook of Augmented Reality. Springer, 2011. 5. Buhalis D., Yovcheva Z. Augmented reality in tourism: 10 unique applications explained, 2013. Prieiga per internetÄ… (Ã… ¾iÃ… «rÄâ€"ta 2013-11-08): http://thinkdigital.travel/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/10-AR-Best-Practices-in-Tourism.pdf. 6. Webster Ã… ¾odynas. Prieiga per internetÄ… (Ã… ¾iÃ… «rÄâ€"ta 2013-10-28): http://www.merriam-webster.com 7. TarptautiniÃ… ³ Ã… ¾odÃ… ¾iÃ… ³ Ã… ¾odynas, Vyriausioji enciklopedijÃ… ³ redakcija, 1985. 8. Daniel Wagner, Dieter Schmalstieg. First Steps Towards Handheld Augmented Reality. Vienna University of Technology, 2010. 9. Alex Olwal. An introduction to augmented reality. Department of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, 2010. 10. Irma Lindt. Augmented Reality in Pervasive Games. Fraunhofer FIT, Sankt Peterburgas, 2007. 11. Remi Paucher, Matthew Turk. Location-based augmented reality on mobile phones. University of California, Computer Science Department, Santa Barbara, 2010. 12. Andrew D. Wilson, Hrvoje Benko. Combining Multiple Depth Cameras and Projectors for Interactions On, Above, and Between Surfaces. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc., 2010. 13. Microsoft LightSpace: Behind the 3D Revolution. Prieiga per internetÄ… (Ã… ¾iÃ… «rÄâ€"ta 2013-10-31): http://www.technocentricity.wordpress.com/2010/11/16/microsoft-lightspace. 14. Azuma, Ronald; Balliot, Yohan; Behringer, Reinhold; Feiner, Steven; Julier, Simon; MacIntyre, Bla... ...ding to the results based on analysis of a scientific literature, analytical literature comparison and comparison of microprograms, it is offered to synchronize augmented reality microprograms creation platforms for mobile operating systems between all models of microprograms platforms. If these two operating systems be synchronized, than all augmented reality platforms for microprograms in the cognitive tourism will be available for more than 90% users of smartphones and tablets. Once be downloaded such mobile application, users could have possibility to reach all microprograms installed in this platforme tourism. Empirical analysis revealed that the biggest part of respondents agree with authors opinion – in new platform for cognitive tourism should be installed all seven models for augmented reality microprograms, which were analysed in this Master‘s thesis.

How Tax Cuts can revive the Economy Essay

Tax cuts have been employed in the government’s fiscal policy especially during times of economic slowdown to revive the economy. When the economy is slumping, the people’s consumption power also slumps. The aggregate demand for goods and services in the market also falls. This creates a shock wave which hits industries like manufacturing, the housing sector and the service industry hard, leading to rising levels of unemployment (Toomey & Soloveichik 2009). At such a time, a cut in taxes becomes one of the mechanisms available for pumping some life into the economy. Tax cuts for economic revival target especially people in the lower and middle classes. When implemented, tax cuts increase the amount of disposable income, that is, income after taxation, in the pockets of these people. Disposable income is perhaps the most critical factor in consumption. The availability of more money to spend in the pockets of the masses raises the aggregate demand for goods and services, creating jobs in the various sector of the economy therefore increasing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Toomey & Soloveichik 2009), a key indicator of the state of the economy. A cut in taxes works like a raise in salary. Tax cuts take effect through the multiplier effect which can be defined as the ratio of change between aggregate economic output (represented by the GDP) and a change in taxes since not all disposable income after a reduction in taxation rates actually translates to direct consumption. The multiplier, obtained by multiplying the marginal propensity to consume with the expenditure multiplier, is used as an indicator to the change in fiscal policy induced government taxes required to result to a desired level of aggregate output. If coupled with increased government expenditure on services like health and education (which could actually be termed as an integral part of the cuts or economic stimulus package), tax cuts can revive the economy (Toomey & Soloveichik 2009).

Author Lane Ashfeldt on the Changing Role of Editors

Author Lane Ashfeldt on the Changing Role of Editors The changing role of editors - An interview with Lane Ashfeldt â€Å"We tend to associate independent publishing with early-career writers getting their first break, since this is the kind of story that has tended to grab the headlines. But another significant group of authors choosing to self-publish are mid-career writers whose contracts for certain titles have expired.†We say on our homepage that our Reedsy professionals â€Å"know the publishing landscape better than a writer knows the taste of hot coffee†. So we like to regularly have their take on it. Today, we interview Lane Ashfeldt, a UK-based freelance editor who has worked both for a small press and directly with authors. She shares her insights on the ever-changing role of editors - whether in-house or freelance - and on the opportunity self-publishing represents for writers (even â€Å"mainstream† ones).Hi Lane, great to have you here. You’re one of our fiction editors on Reedsy and have been freelance for around 4 years. How did you start your editing career?Thanks for asking me Ricardo. I got into fiction by accident, planning to move on, but it stuck. For six years I edited short stories and novels for an indie press, in a variety of styles from crime to literary. I later started writing myself, and taught writing at a UK university.What prompted you to go freelance as an editor?When my book of my stories, SaltWater, was in edits I blogged about the process and some ex-students who had carried on writing after their courses got in contact asking if I’d look at their novels. I couldn’t say no.How do you find having the writer as your employer?I’ve never really thought of it that way. Reedsy refers to editing projects as collaborations and I think this hits the right note, though of course in this context the author is ultimately in control of the process. Which is as it should be - it is their book. I suggest edits, and explain why, but it’s up to the writer whether they choose to act on them. It†™s a very cooperative thing. It’s also private. I don’t identify titles that I’ve edited freelance. (The titles on my Reedsy profile are from a regular job before I went freelance.)Do you see any parallels between your freelance editorial projects now, and when you were a full time editor?I enjoy working direct with authors, and this aspect is very similar. As a commissioning editor I’d meet authors and see their books through from manuscript to hard copy. Now it is more usual to work remotely via electronic means, and generally I only work on the text unless asked for input on submissions or electronic publication routes. One key similarity is, it’s very result-driven – it is all about finishing a piece of fiction, be it for print or ebook publication. Another aspect in common with my experience as a professional novel and short story editor is that over time you build relationships with certain authors and a knowledge of their strengths. It is rewarding when an author asks you to work on multiple projects as the dialogue becomes more fruitful.You have taught creative writing. How does that compare with editing?There is some commonality. But because advanced level university students need to write dissertations and conduct research, there’s a necessary interest, pedagogically, in the process of creative writing; this can distract from the task at hand, ie finishing the book. With project editing, the emphasis is not on â€Å"how to,† if you like, but on getting it done. To as high a standard as possible, obviously.With the explosion in self-publishing, do you feel the role of editors is changing?In the present era of publishing everything is negotiable. Some editors are strong on marketing, some act as curators whose job is to uncover the Next Big Thing in their sphere of interest, some are very much a cog working within the corporate constraints of a major brand. As a full-time editor, I worked with a n indie press. Generally in smaller presses roles are more flexible. Editors may do both copy editing and commissioning  - perhaps also have a say in the design, typesetting, marketing, and PR. Commissioning editors with bigger houses are rarely this hands-on. Often they operate more on the level of curators whose intake is limited to people they know and a group of agents their company has history with, taking on finished projects that someone else (an agent, a professor in creative writing, a literary consultancy, the author) has edited and polished. You could say they operate less as editors (in the conventional sense of the word), more as a gateway to the production and marketing machine behind their brand.But with the increasing variety of publication routes open to writers, there is space for all sorts of editorial approaches to co-exist. Recent projects I’ve worked on as a freelance editor illustrate this - some went on to be self-published, others are taking the ag ent / traditional publication route.Is it still possible to land an agent or publisher with an unedited manuscript?I am sure there are examples out there. The best writers are excellent editors of their own work, and this was true even in the days when some of the editing processes took place heh-hemming over dictation to a secretary. But if hiring a freelance editor adds perspective and strengthens your writing, it is a step worth taking.How do you see the publishing industry evolving in the next few years? Now that independent publishing has been established as a valid option, are more traditionally published authors going to try it?Lots of traditionally published writers have already experimented with publishing their work independently. It skewed towards US-based writers to start with, perhaps because the terms offered to US writers were more favorable, but that is beginning to even up. Both European and US authors working directly with Amazon can now access a royalty of 70% of the cover price on their titles (as against c. 7% working through a publisher) which increases the chance that authors may choose this route.We tend to associate independent publishing with early-career writers getting their first break since this is the kind of story that has managed to grab the headlines. But another significant group of authors choosing to self-publish are mid-career writers whose contracts for individual titles have expired. They are sitting on out-of-print (and professionally edited) novels that readers want to read - maybe even want to reread on ebook, having lost the hard copy - and it is not a lot of work to put up the files on self-publishing websites. A couple of examples: Philip Casey and Jeff Noon. Like Casey, Noon recently had new covers made for all his books and re-released them, along with his new ebook Channel Skin. No doubt there are others - perhaps especially writers whose ebook rights were never optioned first time around.You are a published wri ter, so I expect you love writing. What is the best thing about editing?For me, it is a similar buzz to writing. I enjoy editing. I love the intensity of it, the fact that you can lose yourself in the work, think about nothing else. Just words, and how they fit together. How they unfold to reveal a story.Thanks a lot for your time, Lane!  Follow Lane and Reedsy on Twitter: @Ashfeldt  and  @ReedsyHQDo you feel like the role of editors has changed? Is it worth it to work with a freelance editor before submitting your MS to agents and publishers? Leave us your thoughts, or any question for Lane, in the comments below!

ACT High School Codes and Test Center Codes

ACT High School Codes and Test Center Codes SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When you register for your ACT, you have to submit codes for your high school and test center, the location where you're going to take your ACT. The codes make it easier for ACT to keep track of the high school and test center of everyone who takes the exam. If you enter the wrong high school code, your school may not get your score report. If you select the wrong test center, you may not be able to take the ACT at your preferred test center location. In this article, I'll let you know how to look up ACT high school and test center codes and advise you how to use them properly. How to Enter Codes During Online Registration High School Codes When registering, you can search for your high school code by entering the state, name, and city of your high school. Just click on your high school when you get the results, and your high school code will be automatically entered. Test Center Codes You can search for test centers in your area and then select the location where you want to take the test. After you select your test center, the test center code will be entered. How to Look Up ACT Codes High School Codes You can also look up ACT codes for your high school on the ACT website. You can search by the name of your high school. If you can't find your school, try using these tips given by the ACT: Try abbreviations (example: JFK or John F Kennedy). Do not use punctuation. Try only one word first. Use "sch" for schools. If you search by state or city, your results will be listed alphabetically. Alternate Codes If you're homeschooled, your code is 969-999. If you have or will earn a GED certificate, your high school code is 960-000. Test Center Codes Also, you can look up ACT codes for test centers on the ACT website. From this site, you can find test center codes and a list of dates the ACT will be offered at a specific test center. Here are some of my results after searching for test centers in Los Angeles, California. The earlier you register, the more likely you are to be able to take the ACT at the test center of your choice. You can also find test center information for international test-takers on the ACT website. Advice for Ensuring Your Codes Are Correct If you select your high school and test center while registering, make sure the codes on your admission ticket are correct. You can double-check the codes by looking them up on the ACT website. If you do manually enter your codes during registration, make sure you've entered the right codes and that the codes you've entered correspond with your high school and test center. Make sure your codes are correct. What's Next? If you're taking the ACT soon, learn how to beat procrastination in your ACT prep. Also, learn the 15 ACT tips and tricks to improve your score. Finally, if you're planning on or considering taking the ACT in the future, find out exactly how long you should study for the ACT. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Justin Berkman About the Author Justin has extensive experience teaching SAT prep and guiding high school students through the college admissions and selection process. He is firmly committed to improving equity in education and helping students to reach their educational goals. Justin received an athletic scholarship for gymnastics at Stanford University and graduated with a BA in American Studies. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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100 Word Each on Student Posts (2 Total) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

100 Word Each on Student Posts (2 Total) - Essay Example You have rightly identified decision-making and problem solving ability as two fundamental traits of effective leadership. From the qualities you have mentioned, I can tell that he is a transformational leader, driving his organization toward positive change and innovation. The organization has chosen 360 degree review as a method of review that must be hard to manage because â€Å"[g]iving 360-degree feedback can be as tough as receiving it† (Fagerhaugh 79). The organizational leader must be sure that he has appointed the right person to do the review for the review to be detailed and thorough and for the judgment thus made, to be rational. Having right people work in the right positions is fundamental to organizational success because their skills and individualistic traits fulfill the demands of those positions. Without the team of right people, management cannot effectively implement its strategies and thus loses control. This imparts the need for the management to establish the positions and recruitment process according to the organizational objectives

Art analysis paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art analysis paper - Case Study Example It is a brisk, magnificent, enchanting, puzzling, uplifted painting, appealing for my inner emotions, my grief and sorrow and my mind. I have also another allusion. The front pillar reminds me of Christmas and the New Year. The space around it is empty. That means that the modern families experience too much problems, because of their work overload and forgetting about their family traditions. This central pillar is an allegory for a lonesome business woman, who is beautiful and decorated and buys what she wants, but there is nobody around her except huge neon lights, splashes of colors and a lonesome road. I am found of such type of paintings. They make me think about those things, which are of the secondary importance for me in my daily life or I do not have too much time or desire to think about these issues. Such concepts as modernity, womanhood, loneliness, individuality occur to me once I look at the painting. I am sure that this is an allegory for the perverted ideals of the modernity, where carrying packages is better than children, holding your hands†¦Where there is no Christmas tree, but jus monstrous artificially amusing neon lights along the freeway leading from nowhere to

Job Description Posting for Fritzas Childrens Clothing Research Paper

Job Description Posting for Fritzas Childrens Clothing - Research Paper Example All job descriptions should be clear and concise and should answer all the questions for the employees (Management, Web). The small business chosen for this assignment is Fritza’s Children’s Clothing. The need for creating a job description is determined when the need for an additional job is felt by the management. It can also be determined if the employee responsible for this particular job did not carry out his duties well and therefore, a replacement is needed. The duties of a clothing store employee include keeping all the retail areas in an orderly way. Te duties could also include folding and hanging the items neatly, vacuuming, cleaning the dressing rooms and all other duties related to the maintenance of the store. The employee would also be responsible for providing superior customer service. The employees should communicate in an effective way and assist the customers in every way possible. The employee should also have good persuading skills to persuade the customers to buy the clothing items they like. The employee will be required to be friendly and customer oriented. The main focus should be on customers as they are really important for a clothing store. The employ ees are also required to be clean and have a professional appearance. Other requirements include punctuality as well as basic skills including mathematical to count the money and other related tasks. In order to apply for this job at the Fritza’s Children’s Clothing store the employee also need to have some preexisting knowledge or skills required for the position. These jobs normally have an entry level requirement and employees should be currently enrolled in high school or should have completed high school. The employees should have the basic knowledge and know-how related to customer interaction. In all, the employees should basically know how to interact with customers effectively

Metaphors Analysis Essay Example for Free

Metaphors Analysis Essay Economists have an image of practicality and worldliness not shared by physicists and poets. Some economists have earned this image. Others myself and many of my colleagues here at Chicagohave not. Im not sure whether you will take this as a confession or a boast, but we are basically story-tellers, creators of make-believe economic systems. Rather than try to explain what this story-telling activity is about and why I think it is a usefuleven an essentialactivity, I thought I would just tell you a story and let My changes you make of it what you like. story has a point: I want to understand the connection between in the money supply and economic depressions. One way to demonstrate that I understand this connectionI think the only really convincing way would be for me to engineer a depression in the United States by manipulating the U. S. money supply. I think I know how to do this, though Im not absolutely sure, but a real virtue of the democratic system is that we do not look kindly on people who want to use our lives as a laboratory. So I will try to make my depression somewhere else. The location I have in mind is an old-fashioned amusement parkroller coasters, fun house, hot dogs, the works. I am thinking of Kennywood Park in Pittsburgh, where I lived when my children were at the optimal age as amusement park companions a beautiful, turn-of-the-century place on a bluff overlooking the Monongahela River. If you have not seen this particular park, substitute one with which you are familiar, as I want you to try to visualize how the experiment I am going to describe would actually work in practice. 2 Kennywood Park is A useful location for my purposes because it is an entirely independent monetary system. One cannot the park. At the gate, visitors use U. S. dollars then enter the park and spend the tickets. Rides spend U. S. dollars inside to purchase tickets and inside are priced at so many tickets per ride. Ride operators collect these tickets, and at the end of each day theyare cashed in for dollars, like chips in a casino. For obvioua reasons, business in park fluctuates: Sundays are big days, July 4 is even bigger. On most concessions I imagine each ride in the park to be independently operatedthere is some flexibility: an extra person can be called in to help take tickets or to speed people getting on and off the ride, on short-notice if the day is unexpectedly big or with advanced notice if it is predictable. If business is disappointingly slow, an operator will let some of his help leave early. So GNP in the park (total tickets fluctuate from want to call a spent) and employment (the number of man hours worked) will one day to the next due to fluctuations in demand. Do we slow daya Monday or a Tuesday, saya depression? Surely not. By an economic depression we mean something that ought not to happen, something pathological,not normal seasonal or daily ups and downs. This, I imagine,is how the park works. (I say imagine because I am just making most of this up as I go along. ). Technically, Kennywood Park is a fixed exchange rate system, since its central bankthe cashiers office at the gate stands ready to exchange local currencyticketsfor foreign currencyUS dollarsat a fixed rate. In this economy, there is an obvious sense in which the number of tickets in circulation is economically irrelevant. No-onecustomer or concessioner really cares about the number of tickets per ride except insofar as these prices reflect U. S. dollars per ride. If the number of 3 tickets per U. S. dollar were doubled from 10 to 20, and if the prices of all rides were doubled in terms of tickets6 tickets per roller coaster ride instead of 3and if everyone understood that these changes had occurred, it just wouldnot make any important difference. Such a doubling of the money supply and of prices would amount to a 100 percent inflation in terms of local currency, but so what? Yet I want to show you that changes in the quantity of moneyin the number of tickets in circulationhave the capacity to induce depressions or booms in this economy (just as I think they do in reality). To do so, I ’ want to imagine subjecting Kennywood Park to an entirely operational experiment. Think of renting the suitable compensation, and taking office Neither the operators of park from its owners for one Sunday, for over the functions of the cashiers concessions nor the customers are to. be informed of this. Then, with no advance warning to anyone inside the park, and no communication to them as to what is going on, the cashiers are instructed for this one day to give 8 tickets per dollar instead of 10. What will happen? We can imagine a variety of reactions. Some customers, discouraged or angry, will turn around and go home. Others, coming to the park with a dollar budget fixed by Mom, will just buy 80 percent of the tickets they would have bought otherwise. Still others will shell out 20 percent more dollars and behave as they would have in the absence of this change in exchange rates. I would have to know much more than I do about Kennywood Park patrons to judge how many would fall into each of these categories, but it is pretty clear that no-one will be induced to take more tickets than if the experiment had not taken place, many will buy fewer, and thus that the total number of tickets in circulationthe money supply of this amusement park economy willtake a drop below what it otherwise would have been on this Sunday. Now how does all of this look from the point of view of the operator of a ride or the guy selling hot dogs? Again, there will be a variety of reactions. In general, most operators will notice that the park seems kind of empty, for a Sunday, and that customers dont seem to be spending like they usually do. More time is being spent on freebies, the river view or a walk through the gardens. Many operators take this personally. Those who were worried that their ride was becoming passe get additional confirmation. Those who thought they were just starting to become popular, and had had thoughts of adding some capacity, begin to wonder if they had perhaps become over-optimistic. On many concessions, the extra employees hired to deal with the expected Sunday crowd are sent home early. A gloomy, depressed mood What I have The reduction in and employment. settles in. done, in short, is to engineer a depression in the park. the quantity of money has led to a reduction in real output And this depression is indeed a kind of pathology. Customers are arriving at the park,eager to spend and enjoy themselves. Concessioners are ready and waiting to serve them. By introducing a glitch into the parks monetary system, we have prevented (not physically, but just as effectively) buyers and sellers from getting together to consummate mutually advantageous trades.. That is the end of my story. Rather than offer you some of my opinions about the nature and causes of depressions in the United States, I simply made a depression and let you watch it unfold. I hope you found it convincing on its own terms that what I said would happen in the park as the result of my manipulations would in fact happen. If so, then you will 5 agree that by increasing the number of tickets per dollar we could as easily have engineered a boom Sunday after our manipulations boom in the park. But we could not, clearly, engineer a Sunday by this method. Our experiment worked only because caught everyone by surprise. We could have avoided the depression by leaving things alone, but we could not use monetary manipulation to engineer a permanently higher level of prosperity in the park. The clarity with which these effects can be seen is the key advantage of operating in simplified, fictional worlds. The disadvantage, it must be conceded, is that we are not really interested in understanding and preventing depressions in hypothetical * amusement parks. We are interested in our own, vastly more complicated . society. To apply the knowledge we have gained about depressions in Kennywood Park, we must be willing to argue by analogy from what we know about one situation to what we would like to know about another, quite different situation. And, as we all know, the analogy that one person finds persuasive, his neighbor may well find ridiculous. Well, that is why honest people can disagree. can do about it, except keep trying to tell better I dont know what one and better stories, to provide the raw material for better and more instructive analogies. How else can we free ourselves from the limits of historical experience so as to discover ways in which our society can operate better than it has in the past? In any case, operating much of that is what economists do. We are storytellers, the time in worlds of make believe. We do not find the realm of imagination and ideas is an alternative to, or a retreat practical reality. On the contrary, it is the only way we have found think seriously about reality. that from, to 6 In a way, there is nothing more to this method than maintaining the conviction (which I know you have after fouryears at Chicago) that imagination and ideas matter.. I hope you can do this in follow. It is fun and interesting and, really, there is alternative. Robert E. Lucas, Jr. December 9, 1988 the years that no practical.